I am reading a few different Grammar books. It may sound uninviting or boring but I have found it otherwise. The matters that emanate from the study of Grammar may shock you. As I have found there are a number of philosophical matters and theological matters that proceed from ones perception of language, particularly grammar apprehension. The way in which an individual learns how things and symbols relate has bearing on his/ her capacity to communicate and process other things and symbols. One question that naturally rises out of a study of grammar pertains to use and rules or, if you would rather, rules and use. That is, Do rules dictate correct and incorrect usage of words, phrases, sentences, etc. or are rules derived from cultural usage?
Other matters that emerge pertain to so called "pre-linguistic sentiment." Do words represent sentiments that precede their symbols? Are symbols such that they usurp images that could exist without symbols?
Jack Conner in his A Grammar of Standard English submits that 'deictic' words call to mind images (p. 5), while 'syntactic' words are exclusively functional or empty. One note that he inserts after these is, " it is not the word itself that is functional and not lexical; it is the word as the writer uses it" (p. 5). Therefore, according to Conner, "Words mean what the writer or speaker intends it to mean... The business of the reader is to discover what the writer or speaker intended, and the dictionary may or may not help him."
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The Nicene Creed
We believe in one God the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible.
And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God, begotten of the Father before all worlds, God of God, Light of Light, Very God of Very God, begotten, not made, being of one substance with the Father by whom all things were made; who for us men, and for our salvation, came down from heaven, and was incarnate by the Holy Spirit of the Virgin Mary, and was made man, and was crucified also for us under Pontius Pilate. He suffered and was buried, and the third day he rose again according to the Scriptures, and ascended into heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of the Father. And he shall come again with glory to judge both the quick and the dead, whose kingdom shall have no end.
And we believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord and Giver of Life, who proceedeth from the Father and the Son, who with the Father and the Son together is worshipped and glorified, who spoke by the prophets. And we believe one holy catholic and apostolic Church. We acknowledge one baptism for the remission of sins. And we look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen.
http://www.creeds.net/ancient/nicene.htm
Symbolum Nicaenum A.D. 325
Πιστεύομεν εις ΄ενα Θεον Πατερα παντοκράτορα, πάντων ορατων τε και αοράτων ποιητήν.
Πιστεύομεν εισ ΄ενα κύριον `Ιησουν Χριστον, τον υ΄ιον του θεου, γεννηζέντα εκ του πατρος μονογενη, τουτέστιν εκ της ουσίας του πατρός, θεον εκ θεου αληθινου, γεννηθέντα, ου ποιηθέντα, ΄ομοούσιον τωι πατρί δι οϋ τα πάντα εγένετο, τα τε εν τωι ουρανωι και τα επι της γης τον δι ΄ημας τους ανθρώπους και δα την ΄ημετέραν σωτηρίαν κατελθόντα και σαρκωθέντα και ενανθρωπήσαντα, παθόντα, και αναστάντα τηι τριτηι ΄ημέραι, και ανελθοντα εις τους οθρανούς, και ερχόμενον κριναι ζωντασ και νεκρούς.
Και εις το ΄Αγιον Πνευμα.
Τους δε λέγοντας, ΄οτι ΄ην ποτε ΄ότε οθκ ΄ην, και πριν γεννηθηναι ουκ ΄ην, και ΄οτι εξ ΄ετερας ΄υποστάσεως η ουσιας φάσκοντας ειναι, [η κτιστόν,] τρεπτον η αλλοιωτον τον υ΄ιον του θεου, [τούτους] αναθεματίζει ΄η καθολικη [και αποστολικη] εκκλησία.
Martin Luther - 16th century
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